2019
Instructions
Section A - Multiple Choice Questions
15 Marks (1 Mark Each)
Section B - Short-Answers Questions
Answer any nine questions from this section
36 Marks (4 Marks Each)
Section C – Detailed Answer Questions
Answer any three questions from this section
24 Marks (8 Marks Each)
Section A - Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1: Choose the correct answer for each of the given options.
1. Pakistan was established on this date of Ramadan
21
22
23
27
2. Shah Waliullah died in the year
1761
1762
1763
1764
3. Democratic Government means
Rule of Party
Rule of King
Rule of People
Rule of Tribe
4. The name of the present Governor of Sindh is
Ishrat Ul Ebad
Imran Ismail (Kamran Tessori – as of 2024)
Muhammad Zubair
Mamnoon Hussain
5. In Pakistan, the majority of people are associated with
Agriculture
Trade
Teaching
All of these
6. The two-nation theory was presented by
Shah Waliullah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi
7. The main dispute between Pakistan and India is
Kargil
Kashmir
Mastoon
Makran
8. The most important sea-port of Pakistan is
Gwadar
Pasni
Karachi
Port Qasim
9. The average length of the Karakoram range is
5,000 meters
7,000 meters
8,000 meters
10,000 meters
10. The Objective Resolution was approved in the year
1947
1948
1949
1950
11. Economic development leads to
Honesty
Prosperity
Paternity
Opportunity
12. The first prime minister of Pakistan was
Gulam Muhammad
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
Liaquat Ali Khan
Quaid e Azam
13. The demand of Pakistan was based on
Hindu-Muslim conflict
Nationalism
Two-Nation theory
Development of Muslims
14. The largest canal irrigation system in the world is in
India
Pakistan
Afghanistan
China
15. The name of Pakistan was proposed by
Maulana Shaukat Ali
Chaudhry Rehmat Ali
Chaudhry Nisar Ali
Chaudhry Barkat Ali
Section B - Short-Answer Questions
Question 2
Write any four points of the Quaid e Azam’s 14 Points.
Answer
Full religious liberty shall be guaranteed to all communities.
One-third representation shall be given to Muslims in both central and provincial cabinets.
Sindh should be separated from Bombay to a province.
No change will be made in the constitution without the consent of the province.
Question 3
Name any four important defense industries of Pakistan.
Answer
National Engineering and Scientific Commission (NESCOM): NESCOM is a state-owned defense research and development organization that develops and produces a wide range of defense systems, including nuclear weapons.
Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT): HIT is a defense contractor that specializes in the production of armored vehicles, tanks, and other military hardware.
Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF): POF is a defense contractor that is responsible for the production of small arms, ammunition, and explosives.
Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works (KSEW): KSEW is a shipyard that is responsible for the construction and repair of naval vessels, including frigates and submarines.
Question 4
Write down four sentences on the Atomic or Nuclear Energy in Pakistan.
Answer
Pakistan became the first Muslim country to develop nuclear weapons in 1998, when it conducted a series of nuclear tests in response to India's nuclear tests.
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) is the main organization responsible for the development and regulation of nuclear energy in Pakistan.
Pakistan has several nuclear power plants in operation, including the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant, Chashma Nuclear Power Plant, and the recently inaugurated K-2 and K-3 nuclear power plants.
Pakistan is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and has signed several international treaties and agreements on nuclear non-proliferation and safety.
Question 5
Write any of the four merits of democratic government.
Answer
Political Stability: A democratic government provides political stability by allowing for peaceful and regular transfers of power through free and fair elections. This ensures that the government is accountable to the people and that they can choose their representatives.
Protection of Human Rights: Democratic governments are often more likely to protect the human rights of their citizens. This is because democratic societies value individual freedoms and the rule of law, which ensures that everyone is treated equally under the law.
Economic Development: Democratic governments promote economic development by providing a stable and predictable environment for businesses and investors. This encourages entrepreneurship and innovation, which helps to create jobs and increase economic growth.
Transparency and Accountability: Democratic governments are transparent and accountable to their citizens. They are required to disclose information about their activities and decisions, and they are held accountable by the public through elections, media, and civil society organizations. This helps to prevent corruption and ensures that the government acts in the best interests of the people.
Question 6
Write down any of the four uses of e-commerce.
Answer
Online Shopping: One of the most popular uses of e-commerce is for online shopping. Customers can browse and purchase products or services from online retailers through websites or mobile apps.
Electronic Payments: E-commerce also enables electronic payments for online purchases. Customers can pay for goods or services using credit cards, digital wallets, or other electronic payment methods.
Business-to-Business (B2B) Transactions: E-commerce can facilitate business-to-business (B2B) transactions between companies. This can include the purchase of supplies, equipment, or services from other businesses, often through online marketplaces.
Digital Marketing: E-commerce provides businesses with a platform to market and advertise their products or services to potential customers through digital channels such as social media, email marketing, or search engine optimization (SEO).
Question 7
Write down four sentences on the role of Pakistanis to bring prosperity in Pakistan.
Answer
Pakistani citizens can contribute to their country's prosperity by paying their taxes and fulfilling their civic duties, such as voting in elections and reporting any criminal or corrupt activities to the authorities.
Educating themselves and others around them is another way for Pakistanis to contribute to the country's prosperity. Education equips individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to innovate and create new opportunities for growth.
Entrepreneurship and job creation can play a significant role in driving economic growth and reducing poverty in Pakistan. Pakistanis can start their own businesses, create job opportunities, and invest in their communities.
Pakistanis living abroad can also play a crucial role in bringing prosperity to Pakistan by investing in the country, promoting its culture and values, and advocating for its interests on the global stage.
Question 8
What does the Two-Nation Theory mean? Write in four sentences.
Answer
The Two-Nation Theory is the idea that Muslims and Hindus in the Indian subcontinent are two distinct nations and cannot live together in a single, unified state. The theory was first proposed by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in the late 19th century and later supported by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. The theory formed the basis for the demand for a separate Muslim state, which ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The theory is still debated and discussed in Pakistan and India today, with some viewing it as a valid argument for the creation of Pakistan, while others criticize it as divisive and harmful to national unity.
Question 9
Write the names of any four import and export goods of Pakistan.
Answer
Imports:
Machinery and equipment, including industrial machinery, computers, and telecom equipment
Petroleum products, including crude oil and refined petroleum.
Edible oils, including palm oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil.
Chemicals, including fertilizers, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.
Exports:
Textiles and garments, including cotton yarn, fabrics, and readymade garments
Rice, including Basmati and non-Basmati varieties
Leather products, including footwear, gloves, and jackets
Sports goods, including cricket bats, balls, and other sports equipment
Question 10
Write four characteristics of a culture.
Answer
Culture is learned. It is not innate or inherited. People learn culture through interactions with others and through exposure to the environment.
Culture is shared. It is not unique to an individual. Culture is shared by a group of people who have common experiences and who share a common identity.
Culture is symbolic. It uses symbols to communicate meaning. Symbols can be anything from words and images to objects and actions.
Culture is integrated. It is not a collection of unrelated elements. Culture is a system of interrelated elements that work together to create a way of life.
Question 11
Name any four minerals found in Pakistan and state their uses.
Answer
Coal is a fossil fuel that is used to generate electricity and to produce steel. Pakistan has the 14th largest coal reserves in the world.
Copper is a metal that is used to make electrical wires, pipes, and other products. Pakistan has the 10th largest copper reserves in the world.
Gold is a precious metal that is used to make jewelry and other decorative objects. Pakistan is the 37th largest gold producer in the world.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is used to make cement, lime, and other products. Pakistan is the 12th largest limestone producer in the world.
Question 12
Write down any four advantages of forests.
Answer
They provide clean air. Trees take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which is essential for human life.
They help to regulate the climate. Forests absorb heat and release water vapor, which helps to keep the Earth's temperature stable.
They provide habitat for wildlife. Forests are home to a variety of plants and animals, which play an important role in the ecosystem.
They provide jobs and economic benefits. The forest industry employs millions of people around the world, and forests are a source of many valuable products, such as timber, paper, and medicines.
Question 13
Write down any of the four suggestions to reduce population pressure on natural resources.
Answer
Family Planning: Encouraging and supporting family planning programs can help to reduce population growth rates, which in turn can help to reduce pressure on natural resources. Providing education and access to contraception can help to empower individuals to make informed decisions about their family size.
Sustainable Resource Management: Implementing sustainable management practices can help to conserve natural resources and ensure their long-term availability. This can involve practices such as reforestation, sustainable agriculture, and water conservation.
Renewable Energy: Promoting the use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower can reduce the demand for non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels. This can help to reduce pressure on natural resources and mitigate the effects of climate change.
Education and Awareness: Educating people about the importance of conserving natural resources and the impact of population growth on the environment can help to raise awareness and encourage behavior change. This can involve promoting sustainable lifestyles and encouraging individuals to make environmentally responsible choices.
Question 14
Write down four main objectives of Aligarh Movement.
Answer
To promote modern education among Muslims. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, who believed that Muslims needed to adopt Western education in order to compete with Hindus in British India, founded the Aligarh Movement.
To create a sense of Muslim identity. The Aligarh Movement also sought to create a sense of Muslim identity among its followers. This was done through the promotion of Urdu language and literature, and through the establishment of Muslim institutions such as the Aligarh Muslim University.
To promote political participation among Muslims. The Aligarh Movement also sought to promote political participation among Muslims. This was done through the establishment of the All-India Muslim League, which eventually became the main political party of Indian Muslims.
To achieve communal harmony between Muslims and Hindus. The Aligarh Movement also sought to achieve communal harmony between Muslims and Hindus. This was done through the promotion of inter-faith dialogue and understanding.
Section C - Detailed-Answer Questions
Question 15
What are the main agricultural problems of Pakistan?
Answer
Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture is an important sector of its economy. However, it faces several challenges and problems that have hindered its growth and development. Here are some of the main agricultural problems of Pakistan:
Water Scarcity: One of the most significant challenges faced by the agricultural sector in Pakistan is the shortage of water. The country is a water-stressed nation, and water scarcity has become a major issue in recent years. This has affected agricultural production and led to a decline in crop yields.
Soil Degradation: Soil degradation is another major problem in Pakistan. Overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has led to a decline in soil fertility, erosion, and degradation. This has resulted in a decrease in agricultural productivity and yields.
Lack of Modern Farming Techniques: The majority of farmers in Pakistan still use traditional and outdated farming techniques, which has resulted in low productivity and yields. There is a lack of awareness and training regarding modern farming techniques, which has prevented farmers from adopting more advanced and efficient farming practices.
Energy Crisis: The energy crisis in Pakistan has also had a negative impact on agriculture. Frequent power outages and high electricity costs have made it difficult for farmers to operate irrigation systems and machinery, and have led to a decline in agricultural productivity.
Climate Change: Pakistan is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including extreme weather events such as floods and droughts. These events have had a negative impact on agricultural production, and have led to food shortages and price hikes.
Political Instability: Pakistan's political instability is also having a negative impact on its agriculture sector, as it makes it difficult for farmers to plan for the future and invest in their businesses.
These are just some of the main agricultural problems in Pakistan. The government and the private sector need to work together to address these problems in order to improve the productivity of the agricultural sector and ensure food security for the country.
Question 16
What is meant by a welfare state? What is the concept of an Islamic welfare state?
Answer
A welfare state is a government that takes responsibility for the economic and social well-being of its citizens. This means that the state provides various social services and programs to ensure that all citizens have access to basic necessities such as healthcare, education, housing, and social security.
The concept of an Islamic welfare state is based on the principles of social justice and equality outlined in Islamic teachings. The objective of an Islamic welfare state is to ensure that all citizens are provided with the necessary resources to meet their basic needs, and that wealth and resources are distributed fairly throughout society.
The concept of an Islamic welfare state is based on the principles of social welfare, collective responsibility, and charity. It emphasizes the importance of providing for the less fortunate members of society, and ensuring that all citizens have access to basic necessities such as food, clothing, shelter, healthcare, and education.
In an Islamic welfare state, the government is responsible for providing a range of social services and programs to ensure that the needs of all citizens are met. This includes programs such as Zakat (charity), Waqf (endowment), and other forms of social welfare. The goal of these programs is to ensure that wealth and resources are distributed fairly throughout society, and that all citizens have access to the basic necessities of life.
Question 17
Explain the importance of Pakistan’s geographical location in South Asia.
Answer
Pakistan's geographical location in South Asia is strategically important for several reasons:
Trade Routes: Pakistan is located at the crossroads of major trade routes, making it an important gateway to Central Asia, the Middle East, and South Asia. This strategic location has helped Pakistan to become a key player in the regional trade and commerce, and has facilitated the movement of goods and people between different regions.
Access to the Arabian Sea: Pakistan has a long coastline along the Arabian Sea, which provides it with access to important sea-lanes and ports. This strategic advantage has helped Pakistan to develop its maritime trade and become an important player in the global shipping industry.
Regional Stability: Pakistan's location also plays a key role in maintaining regional stability in South Asia. It is located at the center of a volatile region, and has played a key role in mediating conflicts and promoting peace and stability in the region.
Energy Transit Route: Pakistan is also a key transit route for oil and gas pipelines that connect Central Asia with South Asia. These pipelines are important for energy security in the region, and Pakistan's location provides a crucial link between the energy-rich Central Asian states and the energy-hungry South Asian markets.
Military Strategic Importance: Pakistan's location has also made it strategically important for military operations in the region. It is located at the border of Afghanistan, and has played a key role in the war on terror. Additionally, its location has helped Pakistan to maintain a strong military presence in the region, and to deter potential threats from neighboring countries.
Question 18
Describe the importance of Urdu as a national language.
Answer
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and is one of the most widely spoken languages by over 65 million people in the country. It is also spoken by significant populations in India, Bangladesh, and the Middle East. Urdu is a member of the Indo-Aryan language family and is closely related to Hindi.
The importance of Urdu as a national language is multi-fold:
National Identity: Urdu is an important symbol of the national identity of Pakistan. It is a language that is uniquely Pakistani, and is an integral part of the country's culture and heritage.
Unity: Urdu serves as a unifying force for the diverse ethnic and linguistic groups in Pakistan. It is a language that is understood and spoken by people from all parts of the country, and serves as a common language that brings people together.
Education: Urdu is the language of instruction in most schools and universities in Pakistan. It is the medium through which students learn about their country's history, culture, and literature. Additionally, Urdu is also an important language for higher education and research.
Literature: Urdu has a rich literary tradition that spans several centuries. It is the language of famous poets, writers, and intellectuals, and has contributed significantly to the cultural heritage of Pakistan.
Communication: Urdu is an important means of communication in Pakistan, especially in the media and government. It is the language of the national parliament and the judiciary, and is used for official communication at the national level. Additionally, it is also an important language for international communication, especially with other Urdu-speaking countries such as India and Bangladesh as it closely related to Hindi. Moreover, Urdu is the language of the media as most newspapers, magazines, and television channels in Pakistan are in Urdu.
In summary, Urdu is an important language that plays a crucial role in shaping the national identity, unity, education, literature, and communication of Pakistan.
Question 19
Write a note on any one:
The Indus Basin Treaty
Faraizi Movement
Information Technology
Answer
The Indus Basin Treaty:
The Indus Basin Treaty, also known as the Indus Waters Treaty, was signed between India and Pakistan on September 19, 1960, after nine years of negotiations brokered by the World Bank. to divide and share the waters of the Indus River system, which is shared by both India and Pakistan. The treaty allocated the three eastern rivers (Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi) to India, and the three western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab) to Pakistan.
The treaty is considered to be one of the most successful water-sharing agreements in the world, as it has been able to withstand the test of time despite political tensions between India and Pakistan. The treaty is based on the principles of equitable water sharing, with each country having exclusive use of the waters of the rivers that flow through its territory.
Under the treaty, India is allowed to use the waters of the three eastern rivers for irrigation, power generation, and other purposes, while Pakistan is allowed to use the waters of the three western rivers. The treaty also established the Indus Waters Commission, which is responsible for the implementation and management of the treaty.
The Indus Basin Treaty has played a crucial role in ensuring the water security of both India and Pakistan, as the Indus River system is a vital source of water for agriculture, industry, and domestic use in both countries. The treaty has also helped to promote cooperation and goodwill between India and Pakistan, despite their longstanding political tensions.
However, there have been some issues related to the implementation of the treaty, particularly with regard to disputes over the construction of dams and other water infrastructure projects. Despite these challenges, the Indus Basin Treaty remains an important example of successful international water-sharing cooperation.
Faraizi Movement:
The Faraizi Movement was a socio-religious movement that emerged in Bengal, which is now a region of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, in the early 19th century. The movement was founded by Haji Shariatullah, a Muslim scholar and reformer, who aimed to promote social and religious reforms among the Muslim population of Bengal.
The Faraizi Movement sought to address the social, economic, and political problems faced by the Muslim peasants in Bengal, who were often exploited and oppressed by the landed aristocracy. The movement also aimed to promote Islamic teachings and practices among the Muslim population, and to counter the influence of Hinduism and other religions in the region.
The movement was characterized by its emphasis on the principles of Tawhid (oneness of God), Tawakkul (trust in God), and Adl (justice), and it stressed the importance of personal piety, ethical conduct, and social responsibility. The Faraizis also rejected the caste system and other social hierarchies, and sought to promote social equality and solidarity among Muslims.
The Faraizi Movement had a significant impact on the social and religious landscape of Bengal, and it helped to inspire other socio-religious movements and reform efforts in the region. The movement also contributed to the development of a distinct Muslim identity in Bengal, which would later play an important role in the struggle for independence and the partition of India.
However, the Faraizi Movement also faced opposition and criticism from some quarters, particularly from the conservative religious establishment, who viewed it as a challenge to their authority and traditional teachings. Nevertheless, the movement remains an important chapter in the history and social reform in South Asia.
Information Technology:
Information technology (IT) refers to the use of computers, software, and other digital technologies to process, store, transmit, and manage information. The field of IT has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate, and has transformed many industries and sectors of the economy.
IT has had a profound impact on the way we access and share information, and has made it possible to connect with people and resources around the world in real time. It has also enabled businesses to automate many of their operations, and to develop new products and services that were previously impossible or impractical.
Some of the key areas of IT include software development, network and systems administration, cybersecurity, data management and analysis, and web and mobile application development. These areas are constantly evolving, and new technologies and innovations are being developed all the time.
One of the major benefits of IT is its ability to facilitate remote work and collaboration, which has become increasingly important in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. IT has also made it possible to access education and training resources online, and has enabled the development of new models of distance learning and online education.
However, IT also poses challenges and risks, particularly in the areas of privacy, security, and digital inequality. As the use of digital technologies continues to grow, it will be important to address these challenges and to ensure that the benefits of IT are shared fairly and equitably across society.